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Glimpses of 

Abraham Lincoln 



By 
ALONZO ABERNETHY 






Delivered before the Mitchell County Farmers' Institute, 
February 12, 1909. Reprint from the Osage News, February 
18, 1909. 



UNCOUKlAJ*A. 



GLIMPSES OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN 



The American people have been 
celebrating, for nearly a century, the 
birthday of one distinguished citi- 
zen, as the Father of His Country. 

Today begins the centennial cele- 
Ijration of another illustrious patriot, 
as the Saviour of His Country. 

When Abraham Lincoln was born 
one hundred years ago today in a far 
western wilderness, five hundred 
miles east of where we now live, the 
nation had a population of seven mil- 
lion. Today it has more than eiglity 
million. 

Wlien Lincoln was born, the first 
steamboat ever built, was not yet two 
years old. When at the age of nine- 
teen, he went down the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi rivers in a flat boat, built by 
his own hands, there was not a rail- 
road engine in the world. He had 
lived nearly half his life, when on 
the 24th of May, 1844, Morse sent 
his first thrilling telegraph message; 
"What hath God wrought?" from 
W'aehington to Baltimore, and re- 
turn. President Lincoln had been 
in his grave many years before either 
electric light, heat, or power, or a 
telephone was invented. The last in- 
vention of the century and most won- 
derful of all was wireless telegraphy. 

Iowa has already made this man's 
birthday a legal and perpetual holi- 
day, The smallest hermit nation, 
fifty years ago, is now among the 
greatest world powers. With such a 
pace does the world move in one 
century. 

What little I can say in the few 
minutes allotted me today, regard- 
ing Mr. Lincoln, I prefer to state, so 
far as I may, in his own words, let-- 
ting these depict his life and labors. 



his character and purposes, his aspir- 
ations and longings: the burdens, de- 
feats, and triumphs he experienced: 
and all the intense and sorrowful 
life, of this earnest, honest, inspired 
leader of a nation. 

He lived and wrought during the 
most turbulent and embittered 
period in the nation's life, if not in 
human history. But his life, and 
work, and final assassination, was 
crowned at last, under divine Provi- 
dence, and under his guiding hand 
and brain, with the greatest moral 
and civil achievements of modern 
times. 

Great as was the work wrought by 
Abraham Lincoln, the chief lesson of 
his life, as I look at it, is the mar- 
velous value, in human life, of hon- 
esty, truthfulness, devotion to right, 
and lofty patriotism. 

Early Life. 

His early life was the humblest 
possible. His several early homes 
were the rudest of log huts, built on 
the extreme frontier of civilization in 
the wilderness, in Hardin, now Larue 
County, Kentucky, near the present 
town of Hodgenville. Here he spent 
the first seven years of his life. 

His father Thomas Lincoln, grew 
up, also on the frontier; was 
without education, and could neither 
read nor write. He attributed much 
of his hard life to his lack of edu- 
cation, but was an honest, good man, 
and an affectionate father. History 
records that, his mother was a 
woman out of place among those 
primitive surroundings. She was a 
slender, pale sad and sensitive wo- 
man, with much in her nature that 
was truly heroic, and much that 



shrank from the rude life around 
her, A great man never drew his in- 
fant life from a purer or more wo- 
manly bosom, and Mr. Lincoln al- 
ways looked back to her with un- 
speakable affection. Long after her 
sensitive heart and weary hands had 
crumbled to dust, he said to a friend 
with tears in his eyes: "" All that I 
am or hope to be. I owe to my angel 
mother, blessings on her memory." 
Here was the home and here were 
the occupants, all humble and poor, 
yet it wag a home of love and virtue. 
Both father and mother were religi- 
ous persons, and sought at the earli- 
est moment, to impress the minds of 
their children with religious truth. 

For many years Abraham Lincoln 
never saw a church, but up to his 
seventh year when they removed to 
Indiana he had occasionally heard 
Parson Elkin, a Baptist minister, 
preach. 

Death of His Mother. 

At the age of nine his mother died, 
and was buried under the trees near 
the home. Neither the husband nor 
son could endure the thought of 
looting the sorrowful evenc go by 
without the loving tribute of a funer- 
al, and wanted to send back to Ken-- 
tucky a hundred miles, for good 
Parson Elkin to perform this duty. 
Apparently no one in the neighbor- 
hood, but little Abraham, could write 
a letter. He therefore, with his 
father's help, framed the letter, beg- 
ging the minister to come over for 
this service. He accepted the duty, 
came, and performed the loving tri- 
bute in the presence of all the people 
for many miles around. 

What better heritage can anj; man 
have, than a loving, honest. Christian 
father and mother? 

Kooks He K<*ad. 

The books which Lincoln had the 



privilege of reading in boyhood, were 
the Bible, much of which he could 
repeat; AEsop's Fables, all of which 
he could repeat^ Pilgrim's Progress, 
Weem's Life of Washington, and a 
life of Henry Clay. 

The latter, undoubtedly, had a 
marked effect upon his later life, and 
he became a great partisan of the 
"^ Sage of Ashland," and in 1844, 
canvassed the state of Hlinois for 
him, for President. 

Weem's Life of Washington was 
one of the earliest Ixjoks he read, 
and yet when he visited Trenton, N. 
J., many years afterwards, on his 
way to Washington, alluding to this 
little book he said: "I remember all 
tie fields and struggles for the lib- 
erties of the country; and none fixed 
themselves upon my imagination so 
deeply as the struggle here at Tren- 
ton. I recollect thinking; then, boy 
<»ven though I was, that there must 
have been something more than coni- 
nuiii, that these men struggled for." 

In 1830, Lincoln's father moved to 
Illinois, settling on the Sangamon 
river, near Decatur. I remember 
hearing, many years ago, one of his 
stories connected with this river. He 
was describing a man who did a 
great deal of talking and very little 
thinking. He said the man remind- 
ed him of the first Sangamon river 
steamboat he ever saw. It's boiler 
was so little and its whistle so big 
that whenever they blew the whistle, 
the paddles had to stop, there not be- 
ing enough steam to run the pad- 
dles and the whistle at the same 
time. 

Mr. Lincoln split rails enough to 
fence his father's first ten acre clear- 
ing, and did other farm work; and 
later became clerk in a store. It was 
there that he was given the name of 
"Honest Abe." Every one trusted 



191» 



Jiim and liked him. 

In 1832, he enlisted to fight Black 
Hawk and his Indian allies along the 
Rock River. He was elected captain 
but did no fighting, and saw no In- 
dians. 

Later he was appointed post mas- 
ter at New Saiem, which had few du- 
ties, but enabled him to read all the 
newspapers that came to the office. 

He also learned surveying and by 
this means supported himself while 
studying law, having previously 
bought, at auction, a copy of Black- 
stone. 

One man who knew him at that 
time said; "Lincoln had nothing 
only plenty of friends." 

In 183 4, he was elected represen- 
tative from Sangamon county, and 
was re-elected in '3 6, '3 8 and '4 0, 
serving eight years, going and re- 
turning, the first two sessions on 
foot, about a hundred miles. The 
first session he said little but learned 
much. In 183 4, he became acquaint- 
ed with Stephen A. Douglas, and 
later served with him in the legis- 
lature and in congress. It was with 
Douglas that he had nearly all his 
great political battles, before his 
election to the presidency. 
The LaMyer. 

Soon after entering the legisla- 
ture he decided to study law and was 
admitted to the bar in 183 6. He was 
a keen student and hard worker, and 
studied every case that came to him 
with great care, trying to get thoro- 
ug'.ily at the strong points of both 
sides. If he made up his mind that 
his client was wrong he would not 
take the case. 

On one occasion when it develop- 
ed that his client had indulged in 
fraudulent practices, he walked out 
of the court-room, and refused to 
continue the case. The judge sent a 



messenger directing him to return. 
He said; "Tell the judge that my 
hands are dirty, and I've gone to 
wasli them." 

During the years of Lincoln's law 
practice he became one of the ablest 
attorneys in Illinois. He had none 
of the graces of an orator, nor was 
he a specially profound lawyer; but 
his mind was so vigorous, his con^ 
ceptions so clear and exact, and his 
probity of character known to all 
men, that he soon rose to promi- 
nence. He had an intuitive insight 
into human nature, a wonderful 
clearness of statement, and an amaz- 
ing facility of illustration. His illus- 
trations were always of t' plain 
homely kind, easily understood by 
the common people. He always tried 
a case fairly, honestly. 

Stephen A. Douglas in one of his 
political contests with Lincoln led off 
with so captivating a speech, that 
his admirers believed the battle was 
already won. But Lincoln got up, as 
soon as the cheers died away, and 
taking off his long linen duster, he 
dropped it on the arm of a young by- 
stander, remarking in his far pervad- 
ing voice, "Hold my coat while I 
stone Stephen." This witticism turn- 
ed the laugh on Douglas, and the 
whole audience were soon eagerly 
watching to see how he was going to 
"stone Stephen." 

Personal Traits. 

Mr. Lincoln was considered in his 
early life rather uncouth in ap- 
pearance, and awkward In manner. 
He was six feet four inches in height 
with a powerful frame, but rather 
slender, with a thin angular face. 

He shunned society, but finally be- 
came much interested in a young 
lady of accomplished manners and 
refined social tastes, named Mary 
Todd, daughter of Hon. Robert S. 



Todd of Lexington, Kentucky. 

One evening Lincoln approached 
Miss Todd, and said, in his peculiar 
idiom: "Miss Todd, I should like to 
dance with you the worst way." 

The young lady accepted the in- 
evitable, and hobbled about the room 
with him. When she returned to 
her seat, one of her companions ask- 
ed, mischievously: 

"Well, Mary, did he 'dance with 
you the worst way?' " 

"Yes," replied Miss Todd, "The 
very worst!" 

Lincoln's Duel. 
Lincoln, Douglas, and Shields 
were rival candidates for the hand 
of Miss Todd. After the campaign 
had been carried on for several 
months, it was announced that Abe 
Lincoln was the accepted suitor. 
But Shields, an Irishman, at that 
time a school master in Springfield, 
but later a United States Senator in 
three different states, persisted in 
paying attention to the young lady, 
much to her annoyance, as well as to 
Lincoln's. Finally an unsigned para- 
graph appeared in the Springfield 
Journal, written by Miss Todd, pur- 
porting to be an old lady's advice 
to a granddaughter, warning her, 
among other things, against allowing 
her hand to be held unduly long by 
Irish school masters. The allusion 
was instantly recognized in the little 
community of 1,500, and Shields 
threatened to chastise the editor un- 
less he revealed the writer's name. 
The editor said he would not divulge 
it without the author's consent. "If 
you will return in fifteen minutes, I 
will give you an answer." Shields 
departed, and the editor ran around 
to Lincoln's office and stated what 
had occurred, saying, 'Abe, what 
shall I do?" "Tell Shields I wrote it," 
Lincoln replied. Promptly came a 



challenge which was promptly ac-- 
cepted. Lincoln chose cavalry swords 
for weapons and the Bloody Island 
in the Mississippi was selected as the 
scene of the duel. The day was clear 
and cold, and while the seconds were 
arranging the preliminaries, Lincoln 
to warm himself, began mowing the 
grass. When Shields saw the giant 
figure swinging a long sword like a 
scythe, he leaned against a huge elm, 
and fainted from fright. And so end- 
ed the bloodless duel. 

Lincoln afterward married Miss 
Todd. They had four boys, Robert, 
Edward, William and Thomas. Ed- 
ward died in infancy at Springfield, 
and William at the White House. 

Tlie Calamity of Slavery. 

It was generally supposed that 
Lincoln's father left Kentucky be- 
cause he was opposed to sla,very. 
Certainly the son, early in life, , be- 
came strongly opposed to this insti- 
tution. 

During his first session in the leg- 
islature, at Vandalia in southern Illi- 
nois, surrounded by much pro-slave- 
ry sentiment, he united with one 
other member, in placing on the rec- 
ords their protest against some reso- 
lutions adopted of a pro-slavery na- 
ture. 

Henry Clay had early become Lin-* 
coin's political idol. He knew well 
of Mr. Clay's personal dislike of 
slavery. He knew how Clay had been 
compelled to yield his own convic- 
tions regarding this national wrong, 
to the demands of southern senti- 
ment, growing everywhere below Ma- 
son and Dixon's line. 

When he entered congress in 1847, 
he at once took sides with the anti- 
slavery section, but he remained in 
congress a single term only, return- 
ing to his Springfield practice. 



The Kansas-Nebraska Act. 

He watched with alarm, the exten- 
sion of slavery westward, beyond the 
Mississippi, and northward, by means 
jof the Compromise of 1S5 0, and later 
complete abrogation of the Compro- 
mise of 1820, which had shut out 
slavery from all territory west and 
north of Missouri, by Mr. Douglas' 
popular Sovereignty Bill, in the Kan- 
sas-Nebraska Act of 1854. 

Mr. Lincoln's first great political 
speech was made at Peoria, Illinois, 
October 16, 1854, replying to Judge 
Douglas who had spoken for three 
hours. The subject was this abro- 
gation of the Missouri Compromise 
of 1850, by the Kansas-Nebraska 
Act. To indicate Mr. Lincoln's po- 
sition let me quote two sentences: 
"I wish to make and to keep the 
distinction between the existing in- 
stitution, and the extension of it, so 
broad and so clear, that no honest 
man can misunderstand me, and no 
dislionest one successfully misrepre- 
sent me." 

"Mr. Jefferson — the author of the 
Declaration of Independence, then a 
delegate in Congress: afterwards, 
twice president: a Virginian by birth 
and residence, and withal a slave- 
holder — conceived the idea of taking 
that occasion to prevent slavery ever 
going into the Northwestern Terri- 
tory. He prevailed on the Virginia 
Legislature to adopt his views, and 
to cede the Territory, making the 
prohibition of slavery therein a con- 
dition of the deed. Congress accept- 
ed the cession with the condition, 
and in the first Ordinance for the 
government of the Territory, provid- 
ed that slavery should never be per- 
mitted therein. This was the famed 
Ordinance of 1787." 

The Dred Scott Decision. 
In March, 1857, four days after 



President I3iiciianan was inaugurat- 
ed, came the famous Dred Scott De- 
cision, read by Chief Justice Roger 
B. Taney, of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, declaring that 
when the constitution was adopted, 
"Negroes had no rights whici the 
white man was bound to respect," 
that the siave holder had the right 
to take his slaves — his property — in- 
to any territory in the land. 

On the following June, at Spring- 
field, Mr. Lincoln made another 
elaborate and powerful speech, the 
closing sentence being as follows: 

"The plainest print cannot be read 
through a gold eagle, and it will 
ever he hard to find many men, who 
will send a slave to Liberia, and pay 
his passage, while he can send him 
to a new country — Kansas for inr 
stance — and sell him for fifteen hun-- 
dred dollars, and the rise." 

Lincoln-Dougl'us Debates. 
In 1858, the .second term of Mr. 
Douglas in the U. S. Senate, being 
about to expire, the republicans of Ill- 
inois, met in Springfield, June 16 
and nominated Mr. Lincoln as their 
candidate for the office. Here he 
made his celebrated "House Divided 
Against Itself" speech. Like nearly 
all his speeches, a historical paper 
with his usual logical conclusions, 
and unanswerable. I quote one sen- 
tence only: 

"A house divided against itself 
cannot stand." I believe this, Gov- 
ernment cannot endure permanently 
half slave and half free. I do not 
expect the Union to be dissolved: 
I do not expect the house to fall: but 
I do expect it will cease to be divid- 
ed. It will become all one thing or 
ail the other. Either the opponents 
of slavery will arrest the further 
spread of it, and place it where the 
public mind shall rest in the belief 



that it is in the course of ultimate 
extinction, or its advocates will push 
it forward, until it shall become 
alike, lawful in all the states, old as 
well as new. North as well as South." 

This speech made trouble in the 
Democratic ranks in the state, and 
something must be done. Three 
weeks later, on the evening of July 
9th , Mr. Douglas answered the 
speech at great length, Mr Lincoln 
being present. 

Mr. Lincoln in turn, on the follow- 
ing evening, made a reply to Douglas 
of nearly equal length. I will quote 
a sentence near the close. 

'"So I say in relation to the prin- 
ciple that all men are created equal, 
let it be as nearly reached as we can. 
If we cannot give freedom to every 
creature. Let us do nothing that 
will impose slavery upon any other 
creature. Let us then turn this gov- 
ernment back into the channels in 
which the framers of the Constitu- 
tion originally placed it." 

At Springfield, July 17, afternoon, 
Mr. Douglas spoke again devoting a 
large part of his speech to attacking 
Lincoln's published speeches, quot- 
ing freely from them. Mr. Lincoln, 
though not present at Douglas' 
speech, replied to it the same even- 
ing. Two sentences will Illustrate 
one element of his popularity with 
the common people. He said near the 
beginning: 

"Senator Douglas is of world wide 
renown. All the anxious politicians 
of his party, or who have been of his 
party, for years past, have been look- 
ing upon him as certainly, at no dist- 
ant day, to be President of the Unit- 
ed States. They have seen in his 
round, jolly, fruitful face, post offic- 
es, land offices, marshalships, and 
cabinet appointments, chargeships 
and foreign missions, sprouting and 



bursting out in wonderful exhuber-- 
anee; ready to be laid hold of by 
their greedy hands. On the contrary, 
no body has ever expected me to be 
president. In my poor lean, lank face, 
nobody lias ever seen that any cab- 
bages were sprouting out." 

Then follows the celebrated seven 
joint debates between Douglas and 
Lincoln, which were published and 
republished, by the republicans as 
republican campaign literature until 
his election. 

Heard Mr, Lincoln in 1858. 

It was during these debates, that I 
had the unspeakable privilege of see- 
ing and hearing Mr. Lincoln. I was 
attending school at the time In Bur- 
lington. The republicans of that 
city became greatly interested in tiie 
debates; also in Mr. Lincoln's suc- 
cess: and invited him to come over 
to Burlington, and let his friends in 
that section have a chance to see and 
hear him. His fifth debate with 
Douglas was at Galesburg, forty 
miles east of Burlington, on October 
7th. He sent word that he would 
speak in Burlington on the evening 
of October 9th. 

Grimes hall was packed with anx- 
ious hearers, when Mr. Lincoln came 
in. He was then as always, tall and 
angular, and to me, he appeared, a 
fine looking man, with intellectual 
face and pleasant voice. I watched 
his every move. He brought with 
him a large bundle of papers, which 
he unrolled and spread out on the 
table, including many letters and 
clippings. He arranged these, pick- 
ing out here and there one, and lay- 
ing it aside as if to use it; though asi. 
I remember, he consulted none of 
them during the speech. This done, 
he was introduced and began. I was 
in plain sight and hearing, and I 
think I heard every word he uttered; 



entirely captivated by the most mar- 
velousiy interesting man, I had ever 
seen or heard, or have ever seen or 
heard since. I cannot recall any 
part of his speech. Fifty-one years 
is a long time. I do not think there 
was any attempt at oratory, or any 
part of the speech delivered with 
special emphasis, but the whole of it 
with earnestness and force. I know 
that the speech was intensely satis- 
factory to me, and I had hurrahed 
for Henry Clay for president In 1844, 
fourteen years earlier, and had read 
Greeley's New York Tribune almost 
from boyhood. I remember also that 
I said in my enthusiasm, as I left the 
hall, and to fellow students next day, 
that the speech was wholly unlike 
anything I had ever heard, not polit- 
ical, but a statesman's speech. 
Lincoln in the East. 

Mr. Lincoln's life had been spent 
almost wholly in the West. The East 
knew little of him. In 185 9, he 
made two great speeches in Ohio, 
one in Columbus, the other in Cin-^ 
cinati, which greatly stirred the 
people of that section, but his great-- 
est fiddress was made Febrtiary 27, 
1860, at the Cooper Institute meet- 
ing. New York City, which surprised 
New York and New England and un- 
doubtedly aided materially in his 
nomination for the presidency the 
following June. 

Saw Mr. Lincoln Nominated. 

I was at school in Chicago, in 
1860, when Mr. Lincoln was nomin- 
ated, and attended all the sessions in 
that great Wigwam, where the nom- 
ination was made, as an intensely in- 
terested spectator. It was to me the 
most thrilling scene of my life, in its 
exhibition of intense human excite- 
ment and passion. 

Mr. Lincoln spent the first eight 
months between the nomination and 



his first inaugural, at his home in 
Springfield, in deep study and in- 
tense anxiety, as to what he could 
possibly do to avert the long threat- 
ened effort of the South to secede. 
He chose his cabinet with his uner- 
ring foresight, calling around him 
seven of the ablest men in the na- 
tion, led by Senator Seward, himself, 
his chief rival for the nomination the 
year before, and thereby again great- 
ly strengthened his hold on the peo- 
ple. 

His First Inaugural. 

When his inaugural was read 
seven states had already withdrawn 
from the Union, and as many more 
were preparing to do so. Neverthe- 
less, the whole purport of his mes- 
sage was a plea for the maintenance 
of the Union. The last clause was as 
follows: 

"We are not enemies but friends. 
We must not be enemies. Though 
passion may have strained, it must 
not break our bonds of affection. The 
mystic cords of memory, stretching 
from every battlefield and patriotic 
grave to every living heart and 
hearthstone all over this broad land, 
will yet be the chorus of the Union, 
when again touched, as surely they 
will be, by the better angels of our 
nature." 

In spite of such pleadings, in spite 
of everything, slavery's preparations 
for war went relentlessly on, but 
when Beauregard fired on Ft. Sump- 
ter, Mr. Lincoln was prepared for 
this crisis also, and instantly issued 
his call for seventy-five thousand 
volunteers, and in four days had reg- 
iments marching to protect the Capi- 
tal. 

Douglas Won Over. 

Then followed another one of his 
singular personal triumphs. He and 
Mr. Douglas had really led the rival 



s 






parties in the West for twenty-years, 
and finally throughout the North, 
and they were the rival candidates 
for president the year before. But 
when Mr; Douglas saw t'.iat war was 
inevitable, when he saw that this 
first overt act of war had been com- 
mitted he went at once with a friend 
to the White House on Sunday even- 
ing, the day following the fall of Ft. 
Sumpter to assure Mr. Lincoln of his 
own earnest support in the contest 
which was now inevitable. The 
President received him most cordiar- 
fy, and read him t'.:e call, which he 
had prepared to issue the next morn- 
ing. Mr. Douglas said at once to him: 
"Mr. President, I cordially concur in 
every word of that document, except 
t'.iat instead of the call for seventy- 
five thousand men, I would make it 
two hundred thousand. You do not 
know the dishonest purposes of 
those men as well as I do." For once 
the lifelong' antag^onists were united 
in heart and purpose. The next morn- 
ing Mr. Douglas prepared an earnest 
appeal and sent it to the country, 
along with the president's call. In 
this act he proved himself a true 
patriot, and a leader that helped to 
unite the whole North in support of 
the war. 

The Emancipation Proclamation. 

Mr. Lincoln, apparently from the 
first, had a vision that slavery would, 
at some time and in some way, come 
to an end, but bided his tiine. When 
the war had mowed its terrible swath 
for one long and sorrowful year, his 
great heart said that the time had 
come. He would issue the proclama- 
tion of emancipation, but was advis- 
ed by his cabinet to defer action until 
it could follow the announcement of 
a victory for the Union arms. At 



last' came the victory of Antietam. 
He hurridly called his cabinet, and. 
said to them: "I made a solemn 
vow to my God, that if General Lee 
should be driven back, from Pennsyl- 
vania, I would cTown the result by a 
declaration of freedom of the slaves." 
On the 22d of Septemljer, 1862, the 
Emancipation Proclamation was is- 
sued. Later he said: "As affairs 
have turned out, it is the central act 
of my administration, and the great 
event of the nineteenth century." 

Getteysburg Address and Last Inaug- 
uraL 

Let me close these hastily prepar- 
ed glimpses of America's matchless 
Commoner with one sentence each, 
from his Gettysburg speech, and his 
last inaugural; two sentences whicn 
will enshrine his memory in the love 
and veneration of his countrymen for 
all time: 

"It is rather for us to be here 
dedicated to the great task remain- 
ing before us — that from these hon- 
ored dead we take increased devotion 
to that cause for which they gave the 
last full measure of devotion; that 
this nation, under God, shall have 
a new birth of freedom, and that gov- 
ernment of the people, by the people, 
and for the people, shall not perish 
from the earth. 'vv - , 

"With malice \;oward none, with 
charity for 'all, w'fth firmness in the 
right, as God gives us to see the 
right, let us sttW^ oh to finish the 
work we are ih; to bind up the na- 
tion's wounds; to care for him who 
shall have borne the battle and for 
his widow and orphans — to do all 
which may achieve and cherish a just 
and a lasting peace among ourselves 
and with all nations." 



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